Green M, Chilcoat M, Stromeyer C F
Nature. 1983;304(5921):61-2. doi: 10.1038/304061a0.
Prolonged viewing of a moving pattern selectively elevates the threshold for a pattern moving in the same direction and induces the classical motion aftereffect (MAE). The aftereffect is seen as a slow drift in the opposite direction, which is visible even with the eyes shut or while viewing a uniform field. However, as we report here, a strikingly different aftereffect is seen when the test field is uniform and sinusoidally flickered: the field is filled with rapid motion in the direction opposite the adapting motion. This flicker MAE has distinct properties: the adapting grating must be of low spatial frequency; the effect is promoted by high contrast and high temporal frequencies of both adapting and test stimuli; and the aftereffect does not transfer interocularly. In all these respects the flicker MAE differs from the traditional MAE. Motion detectors have been identified in human vision by the threshold detectability and discriminability of moving patterns and by selective adaptation. The flicker MAE selectively taps a class of transient motion mechanisms that are selective for rapid motion and low spatial frequency. Uniform flicker is an effective stimulus for these mechanisms. It thus appears that the human visual system contains at least two distinct classes of mechanisms for sensing motion.
长时间观看移动图案会选择性地提高同向移动图案的阈值，并诱发经典的运动后效（MAE）。后效表现为向相反方向的缓慢漂移，即使闭眼或观看均匀场时也可见。然而，正如我们在此报告的，当测试场均匀且正弦闪烁时，会出现一种截然不同的后效：场中充满了与适应运动方向相反的快速运动。这种闪烁MAE具有独特的特性：适应光栅必须是低空间频率的；适应刺激和测试刺激的高对比度和高时间频率会增强这种效应；并且后效不会在两眼间转移。在所有这些方面，闪烁MAE都与传统MAE不同。通过移动图案的阈值可检测性和可辨别性以及选择性适应，已经在人类视觉中识别出了运动探测器。闪烁MAE选择性地利用了一类对快速运动和低空间频率具有选择性的瞬态运动机制。均匀闪烁是这些机制的有效刺激。因此，人类视觉系统似乎至少包含两种不同的运动感知机制。
