Mueller W H, Schull V N, Schull W J, Soto P, Rothhammer F
Ann Hum Biol. 1978 Jul;5(4):329-52. doi: 10.1080/03014467800002981.
In 1972 a multidisciplinary study sought to assess the health status of the indigenous peoples of the Department of Arica in northern Chile, the Aymara, and to relate disease, morphological, physiological and biochemical variation, to the wide changes in altitude of the region. Presented here are the morphological changes which accompany age, altitude and ethnicity amoung 1047 children and adults, permanent residents of the coast, sierra and altiplano. At comparable ages, high-altitude residents were shorter, lighter and leaner but with more expansive and rounder chests than sea-level controls. None of these effects was systematically related to ethnicity (Spanish-Aymara surname), although when stature was held constant, children with greater Aymara ancestry had largest chest circumferences and longer bones. These results suggest that (1) altitude confers allometric growth changes (expensive growth of the chest and diminished growth of the structures less related to oxygen transport); and (2) size changes associated with altitude are acquired during development while shape changes may be under genetic control. Altitude appears to account for less of the variation in growth in this relatively homogeneous Chilean sample than has been reported for other Andean samples, suggesting other concomitants confounding the effects of hypoxia in Andean South America.
1972年，一项多学科研究旨在评估智利北部阿里卡省的原住民艾马拉人的健康状况，并将疾病、形态、生理和生化变异与该地区海拔高度的巨大变化联系起来。本文呈现的是1047名儿童和成人（沿海、山区和高原的常住居民）随年龄、海拔和种族而发生的形态变化。在可比年龄时，高海拔居民比海平面对照组的居民更矮、更轻、更瘦，但胸部更宽阔、更圆润。尽管当身高保持不变时，具有更多艾马拉血统的儿童胸围更大、骨骼更长，但这些影响均与种族（西班牙 - 艾马拉姓氏）没有系统关联。这些结果表明：（1）海拔导致异速生长变化（胸部生长旺盛，与氧气运输关系较小的结构生长减弱）；（2）与海拔相关的体型变化是在发育过程中获得的，而形状变化可能受基因控制。在这个相对同质的智利样本中，海拔似乎比其他安第斯样本中报道的对生长变异的影响更小，这表明在南美洲安第斯地区还有其他因素混淆了缺氧的影响。
