制动反应时间——年龄、性别和一氧化碳的影响

Brake reaction time--effects of age, sex, and carbon monoxide.

作者信息

Wright G R, Shephard R J

出版信息

Arch Environ Health. 1978 May-Jun;33(3):141-50. doi: 10.1080/00039896.1978.10667324.

DOI:10.1080/00039896.1978.10667324

Abstract

Simulated braking responses have been tested in relation to blood carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) levels. The main determinants of percentage of HbCO in 352 subjects attending a fall fair were daily cigarette consumption and minutes since the last cigarette. In women the brake response time deteriorated from age 16 yr, but in the men there was an improvement from age 16 to the early 20s. Times at all ages were better for men than for women. Average response times and the rate of aging of the braking response were very similar in smokers and in nonsmokers. In the nonsmokers, however, response time with step function CO increments of as much as 7% HbCO. There was a suggestion of a small increase of reaction time, with an opposing decrease of leg movement time, during the first few minutes after CO exposure; nevertheless, these trends were statistically insignificant.

摘要

已针对血液中碳氧血红蛋白（HbCO）水平测试了模拟制动反应。在参加秋季集市的352名受试者中，HbCO百分比的主要决定因素是每日吸烟量以及距上次吸烟后的分钟数。在女性中，制动反应时间从16岁起就开始变差，但在男性中，从16岁到20岁出头则有所改善。所有年龄段男性的反应时间都比女性好。吸烟者和非吸烟者的平均反应时间以及制动反应的老化速率非常相似。然而，在非吸烟者中，当HbCO水平以阶跃函数形式增加高达7%时，反应时间会增加。在接触一氧化碳后的最初几分钟内，有反应时间略有增加、腿部运动时间相应减少的迹象；然而，这些趋势在统计学上并不显著。