Roscovanu A, Krämer U, Baginski B, Dolgner R
Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg B. 1985 Mar;180(4):359-80.
Measurements of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb)-content from about 13,000 inhabitants of various sites in western North Rhine-Westphalia are presented. Analyses were part of surveys on the effects of air pollution conducted between 1975 and 1980 in five designated, polluted areas. Determinations were executed in the Medical Institute for Environmental Hygiene, Duesseldorf, on behalf of the Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Administration. Analysis of blood samples for CO-content was performed by gas chromatography. Carboxyhemoglobin levels were calculated by reference to the individual hemoglobin levels. Our surveys have been conducted during several years and included different seasons. Before 1977, fifty years old men were investigated. Until 1978, sixty years old men were studied. In 1979 and 1980, sixty years old women and ten years old children were additionally incorporated into the survey. Statistical analysis of data included variables which influence personal CO-burden such as smoking, and in the case of non-smokers indoor air exposure through passive smoking, use of gas facilities and heating in the flat, as well as occupational exposure. Besides, the influence of age, sex and location was considered. The average COHb-level of the populations under study was expressed as the median of the distribution. The distribution-free Mann-Whitney U-test served for assessment of differences between groups. As a further parameter, the percentage of the measurements greater than 2,5% COHb was chosen, because it was thought to be more relevant to risk populations, i.e. people suffering from Angina pectoris. As expected, tobacco smoking exerted the greatest influence on COHb-level. In non-smokers a trend, indicating a relationship between indoor air pollution and COHb-content could be observed. If high CO gas such as coke gas was used in flats with gas facilities COHb-levels were significantly raised. Surveys performed in 1979 and in 1980 showed a sex-dependent difference between median COHb saturations, women having lower values than men. The difference of these figures between adults and children is statistically significant. Comparisons between adult nonsmokers from various sites prompted a significant difference only in the case of the Oberbergischer Kreis (County), having the lowest median COHb-value. The highest COHb-levels by far were encountered in the city of Duisburg in January 1979, when very unfavourable meterological conditions (Smog alarm, degree 1) were present. The median COHb saturations reached on this occasion were very near to the limits considered to be critical for populations at special risk.
本文呈现了对北莱茵 - 威斯特法伦州西部不同地点约13000名居民碳氧血红蛋白（COHb）含量的测量结果。这些分析是1975年至1980年期间在五个指定污染地区进行的空气污染影响调查的一部分。测定工作由杜塞尔多夫环境卫生医学研究所代表劳动、卫生和社会管理部执行。通过气相色谱法对血样中的一氧化碳（CO）含量进行分析。碳氧血红蛋白水平通过参考个体血红蛋白水平来计算。我们的调查持续了数年，涵盖了不同季节。1977年之前，对50岁男性进行了调查。到1978年，研究对象为60岁男性。1979年和1980年，60岁女性和10岁儿童也被纳入调查。数据的统计分析包括影响个人一氧化碳负荷的变量，如吸烟情况，对于不吸烟者则包括通过被动吸烟、公寓内使用燃气设施和取暖以及职业暴露所导致的室内空气污染情况。此外，还考虑了年龄、性别和地点的影响。所研究人群的平均碳氧血红蛋白水平以分布中位数表示。采用非参数曼 - 惠特尼U检验来评估组间差异。作为另一个参数，选择测量值中大于2.5%碳氧血红蛋白的百分比，因为认为这与风险人群（即患有心绞痛的人群）更相关。正如预期的那样，吸烟对碳氧血红蛋白水平的影响最大。在不吸烟者中，可以观察到一种趋势，表明室内空气污染与碳氧血红蛋白含量之间存在关联。如果在配备燃气设施的公寓中使用高一氧化碳含量的气体，如焦炉煤气，碳氧血红蛋白水平会显著升高。1979年和1980年进行的调查显示，碳氧血红蛋白饱和度中位数存在性别差异，女性的值低于男性。成年人和儿童之间的这些数字差异具有统计学意义。对来自不同地点的成年不吸烟者进行比较时，仅在奥伯贝格县（Oberbergischer Kreis）出现了显著差异，该县的碳氧血红蛋白中位数最低。1979年1月在杜伊斯堡市遇到了迄今为止最高的碳氧血红蛋白水平，当时气象条件非常不利（烟雾警报，1级）。此时达到的碳氧血红蛋白饱和度中位数非常接近被认为对特殊风险人群至关重要的限值。
