Koizumi K, Terui N, Kollai M
J Auton Nerv Syst. 1983 Mar-Apr;7(3-4):279-94. doi: 10.1016/0165-1838(83)90081-4.
Our recent studies on the activity of cardiac sympathetic and vagal nerves in anesthetized dogs have revealed that control of these two autonomic nerves having 'antagonistic' action on the heart is not always reciprocal; both reciprocal and non-reciprocal controls exist in reflex as well as in adaptive responses. We have evidence which also suggests the functional significance of non-reciprocal control. The co-activation of both autonomic efferents to the heart is particularly useful in increasing cardiac output as, for example, in the chemoreceptor reflex. On the other hand, under 'normal' conditions the respiration related rhythmic activity of both sympathetic and vagal nerves is almost completely reciprocal. The loss of the reciprocity occurs under subnormal conditions in which sympathetic discharges shift so that both nerves fire simultaneously. This tends to reduce respiration-induced fluctuations in heart rate. During cardiac rhythms seen in the efferent nerve activity, the peak of vagal firing does not strictly coincide with the inhibitory period of the sympathetic activity; vagal impulses reach the heart slightly earlier. However, when the heart rate is irregular and slow, the vagal activity shifts in time so that it coincides more definitely with the period of sympathetic nerve inhibition. This tends to further augment rhythmic fluctuations in heart rate. These studies show that the centers involved employ both reciprocal and non-reciprocal control of cardial nerve activity in reactions regulating heart function. The relationship between discharge patterns of both autonomic nerves is involved in production of fluctuation of heart rate in normal as well as in subnormal conditions.
我们最近对麻醉犬心脏交感神经和迷走神经活动的研究表明，对心脏具有“拮抗”作用的这两种自主神经的控制并非总是相互的；在反射以及适应性反应中，既有相互控制，也有非相互控制。我们有证据也表明了非相互控制的功能意义。例如，在化学感受器反射中，心脏的两种自主传出神经共同激活对增加心输出量特别有用。另一方面，在“正常”情况下，交感神经和迷走神经与呼吸相关的节律性活动几乎完全是相互的。在低于正常的情况下，相互性丧失，交感神经放电发生变化，使得两条神经同时放电。这往往会减少呼吸引起的心率波动。在传出神经活动中出现的心脏节律期间，迷走神经放电的峰值与交感神经活动的抑制期并不严格重合；迷走神经冲动到达心脏的时间稍早。然而，当心率不规则且缓慢时，迷走神经活动会及时变化，使其与交感神经抑制期更明确地重合。这往往会进一步增强心率的节律性波动。这些研究表明，参与的中枢在调节心脏功能的反应中对心脏神经活动采用了相互控制和非相互控制。在正常以及低于正常的情况下，两种自主神经放电模式之间的关系都参与了心率波动的产生。
