Johnston J M, Martin D L, Perdue J, McFarland L M, Caraway C T, Lippy E C, Blake P A
N Engl J Med. 1983 Sep 1;309(9):523-6. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198309013090903.
A single case of severe diarrhea on a floating Texas oil rig was followed two days later by what proved to be the largest outbreak of cholera in the United States in over a century. After isolation of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae El Tor Inaba of the typical United States phage type from the index patient's stool, the ensuing investigation detected 14 additional cases of cholera and one asymptomatic infection serologically. Infection was associated with eating rice on the oil rig on a particular day (P = 0.03) when an open valve permitted the rig's drinking-water system to be contaminated by canal water containing sewage (including that from the index patient) discharged from the rig. The rice had been rinsed in the contaminated water after cooking, and before being served it had been maintained at a temperature that allows V. cholerae 01 to multiply. Toxigenic V. cholerae 01 is persisting in the United States, and large common-source outbreaks of cholera can occur if proper sanitation is not maintained.
德克萨斯州一座浮动石油钻井平台上出现了一例严重腹泻病例，两天后，美国爆发了一个多世纪以来最大规模的霍乱疫情。从首例患者粪便中分离出典型美国噬菌体类型的产毒性霍乱弧菌埃尔托稻叶型后，后续调查又发现了另外14例霍乱病例和1例血清学无症状感染病例。感染与特定一天在钻井平台上食用米饭有关（P = 0.03），当时一个打开的阀门使钻井平台的饮用水系统被含有从平台排出的污水（包括首例患者的污水）的运河水污染。米饭煮熟后在受污染的水中冲洗过，上桌前一直保持在能让霍乱弧菌O1型繁殖的温度。产毒性霍乱弧菌O1型在美国持续存在，如果不保持适当的卫生条件，可能会发生大规模的共同来源霍乱疫情。
