McCrae R R, Costa P T, Bossé R
Br J Soc Clin Psychol. 1978 Sep;17(3):269-73. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1978.tb00277.x.
In previous large-scale studies, smoking has been found to be associated either with extraversion or anxiety, though not both. Using a large population of adult American males, anxiety and extraversion scores were examined in groups of never smokers, former light, former heavy, current light and current heavy smokers to test the hypotheses that smokers would be both more extraverted and more anxious than non-smokers. Two independent measures of both traits were used. Heavy current smokers were seen to be significantly higher than non-smokers on both measures of neuroticism or anxiety; there were no differences between groups in extraversion. The small magnitude of reported relations led to the suggestion that future research focus on more meaningful classification of smokers and more specific facets of personality.
在以往的大规模研究中，吸烟被发现要么与外向性有关，要么与焦虑有关，但并非两者都有关。利用大量成年美国男性群体，对从不吸烟者、 former light、former heavy、current light和current heavy吸烟者群体的焦虑和外向性得分进行了检查，以检验吸烟者比不吸烟者更外向和更焦虑的假设。使用了两种独立的特质测量方法。在神经质或焦虑的两种测量中，current heavy吸烟者均显著高于不吸烟者；外向性方面各群体之间没有差异。所报告关系的微小程度表明，未来的研究应侧重于对吸烟者进行更有意义的分类以及人格的更具体方面。 （注：原文中former light、former heavy、current light和current heavy表述不太明确，可能是表述有误，推测可能是曾经轻度吸烟、曾经重度吸烟、当前轻度吸烟、当前重度吸烟之类的意思，但按要求准确翻译原文内容。）
