Griffith University, Griffith Business School, Australia.
Griffith University, Griffith Business School, Australia.
Soc Sci Med. 2022 May;301:114884. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114884. Epub 2022 Mar 11.
Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on different population cohorts and which personality traits affected individual's coping responses can help identify strategies to promote self-directed behaviours, thereby enhancing and maintaining individual's mental well-being.
Using longitudinal data for the UK, we examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals' mental well-being, focusing on age, gender, and personality traits as possible modifiers.
We explore the longitudinal nature of the data using individual fixed effects models, which implicitly control for unobserved time-invariant individual-level characteristics. Our sample is an unbalanced panel consisting of 373,555 person-years observations, observed from 2009 until June 2020.
The negative impacts of the first months of the pandemic period are found to be larger for young adults (aged 16-25 years) and vary by personality traits. The increase in psychological distress symptoms is more pronounced for individuals who score higher in neuroticism, extroversion, and openness to experience. Indeed, for introverted young people, recent events may have actually brought a sense of calm. Other findings indicate that worsening in the psychological distress level occurs alongside with increased feelings of loneliness.
Our findings support the theoretical knowledge that different people have different psychological and behaviour responses and personality concepts can be used when studying individual's adaptive behaviour in critical situations such as COVID-19. Our results indicate the necessity of public health programmes to assist distressed young individuals.
了解 COVID-19 对不同人群队列的影响，以及哪些人格特质影响个体的应对反应，可以帮助确定促进自我导向行为的策略，从而增强和维持个体的心理健康。
利用英国的纵向数据，我们研究了 COVID-19 大流行对个人心理健康的影响，重点关注年龄、性别和人格特质作为可能的调节因素。
我们使用个体固定效应模型探索数据的纵向性质，该模型隐含地控制了未观察到的时间不变的个体水平特征。我们的样本是一个不平衡面板，由 2009 年至 2020 年 6 月期间的 373,555 人年观测值组成。
发现大流行前几个月的负面影响对年轻人（16-25 岁）更大，并且因人格特质而异。神经质、外向和开放性得分较高的个体的心理困扰症状增加更为明显。事实上，对于内向的年轻人来说，最近的事件可能实际上带来了平静的感觉。其他发现表明，心理困扰水平的恶化伴随着孤独感的增加。
我们的研究结果支持了这样一种理论认识，即不同的人有不同的心理和行为反应，在 COVID-19 等危机情况下，人格概念可用于研究个体的适应行为。我们的研究结果表明，有必要制定公共卫生计划，以帮助焦虑的年轻个体。
