Ofosu-Amaah S
Rev Infect Dis. 1983 May-Jun;5(3):546-53. doi: 10.1093/clinids/5.3.546.
Measles in tropical Africa is endemic and cyclical, with a high incidence that usually peaks during the dry seasons. Measles may be a contributing factor in 10% of all deaths among African children. Several problems have hindered measles immunization programs in Africa; these include difficulties in maintaining the cold chain, poor epidemiologic surveillance, and the logistical problems involved in reaching a population that is 80% rural. The United States Agency for International Development and the World Health Organization both have programs that are helping to increase immunization coverage and to solve the problems just mentioned. Many countries have begun to train their own personnel to administer immunization programs. However, because of limited staff and equipment, a high birth rate, and an uncertain social situation, no firm predictions can be made concerning the permanent control of measles in tropical Africa.
在热带非洲，麻疹是一种地方病且呈周期性流行，发病率很高，通常在旱季达到高峰。麻疹可能是导致非洲儿童死亡总数中10%的一个促成因素。若干问题阻碍了非洲的麻疹免疫计划；这些问题包括维持冷链的困难、薄弱的流行病学监测，以及为80%为农村人口的地区提供服务所涉及的后勤问题。美国国际开发署和世界卫生组织都设有项目，帮助提高免疫覆盖率并解决上述问题。许多国家已开始培训本国人员来实施免疫计划。然而，由于人员和设备有限、高出生率以及不稳定的社会状况，对于热带非洲麻疹的永久控制无法做出确切预测。
