Reiser S, Ferretti R J, Fields M, Smith J C
Am J Clin Nutr. 1983 Aug;38(2):214-22. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/38.2.214.
Rats were fed copper deficient (0.9 microgram/g) or copper-supplemented diets in which the carbohydrate was either starch, sucrose, or fructose (62% by weight) for 7 wk. Regardless of the nature of the carbohydrate, copper deficiency decreased blood ceruloplasmin activity, hepatic copper and ATP levels, and increased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides. Copper deficiency in rats fed sucrose or fructose, but not those fed starch, significantly lowered blood hematocrit, Hb, and albumin and significantly increased heart and liver weight and the glucose response to a glycemic stress. Hepatic copper level was significantly lower in copper-deficient rats fed sucrose or fructose than in those fed starch. Fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in copper deficient rats fed fructose than in those fed starch. During the study 14 copper-deficient rats died, one of 10 fed starch, six of 20 fed sucrose, and seven of 20 fed fructose. Death was apparently the result of rupture of the heart in the region of the apex. These results indicate that fructose-containing carbohydrates as compared to starch markedly increase the severity of copper deficiency in rats. Whether this effect is due to differences in the nature of the simple carbohydrate (fructose versus glucose) or to molecular size (simple versus complex carbohydrate) remains to be established.
将大鼠分为两组，分别饲喂缺铜（0.9微克/克）或补充铜的日粮，日粮中的碳水化合物分别为淀粉、蔗糖或果糖（重量占比62%），持续7周。无论碳水化合物的种类如何，缺铜均会降低血液铜蓝蛋白活性、肝脏铜含量和ATP水平，并增加血浆胆固醇和甘油三酯含量。饲喂蔗糖或果糖的缺铜大鼠（而非饲喂淀粉的大鼠），其血细胞比容、血红蛋白和白蛋白水平显著降低，心脏和肝脏重量显著增加，对血糖应激的葡萄糖反应也显著增强。饲喂蔗糖或果糖的缺铜大鼠的肝脏铜含量显著低于饲喂淀粉的大鼠。饲喂果糖的缺铜大鼠的空腹血糖、胆固醇和甘油三酯水平显著高于饲喂淀粉的大鼠。在研究过程中，14只缺铜大鼠死亡，其中10只饲喂淀粉的大鼠中有1只死亡，20只饲喂蔗糖的大鼠中有6只死亡，20只饲喂果糖的大鼠中有7只死亡。死亡显然是由于心尖区域心脏破裂所致。这些结果表明，与淀粉相比，含果糖的碳水化合物会显著增加大鼠缺铜的严重程度。这种效应是由于单糖性质的差异（果糖与葡萄糖）还是分子大小的差异（单糖与复合碳水化合物）仍有待确定。
