Surgical correction of female epispadias.

Single-stage reconstruction of female epispadias produced gratifying functional and cosmetic results and complete urinary control in 10 out of 12 patients (83%). Factors critical to the achievement of complete continence in these children include deferment of surgery until the patient is at least 3 years of age and a well-developed bladder with adequate capacity and musculature. Because complete continence is often delayed several weeks to months postoperatively in these children, expectant management and observation are necessary to allow enlargement of bladder capacity, which enhances successful results.