Fritz W, Engst R
J Environ Sci Health B. 1981;16(2):193-210. doi: 10.1080/03601238109372251.
The contamination of a variety of foods with the mycotoxins aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, M1, ochratoxin A, patulin, and byssochlamic acid was investigated. With the developed methods, the identification was made possible by in situ fluorescence spectral analysis with a far reaching exclusion of substances which simulate sycotoxins. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in 2 samples of 105 spontaneously moulded food specimens and only in 1 of a group of 198 food samples that were obviously not moulded. Aflatoxin M1 was identified in 4 of 60 samples of the so-called wintermilk. Investigated dairy products did not contain aflatoxin M1. Ochratoxin A could be detected twice in 49 spontaneously moulded corn samples, aflatoxin, however, was not found. Further investigations of 50 samples of moulded food revealed ochratoxin A in 2 samples of raw coffee. Food samples obviously not moulded did not contain ochratoxin A. Patulin was detected in 19 of 110 samples of fruit and fruit products, especially in commercial apple juice, in rotten parts of apples, and in moulded fruit products. Byssochlamic acid was not detected in fruit juices or in fruit. The toxicological consequences of mycotoxins in food and possibilities to reduce mycotoxins are discussed.
对多种食品被黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、M1、赭曲霉毒素A、展青霉素和柄曲霉素污染的情况进行了调查。利用所开发的方法，通过原位荧光光谱分析实现了鉴定，能有效排除模拟霉菌毒素的物质。在105份自然霉变的食品样本中有2份检测出黄曲霉毒素B1，而在198份明显未霉变的食品样本中仅1份检测出该毒素。在60份所谓的冬季牛奶样本中有4份鉴定出黄曲霉毒素M1。所调查的乳制品未含有黄曲霉毒素M1。在49份自然霉变的玉米样本中有2份检测出赭曲霉毒素A，然而未发现黄曲霉毒素。对50份霉变食品样本的进一步调查显示，生咖啡样本中有2份含有赭曲霉毒素A。明显未霉变的食品样本未含有赭曲霉毒素A。在110份水果及水果制品样本中有19份检测出展青霉素，尤其是在市售苹果汁、苹果腐烂部分以及霉变的水果制品中。在果汁或水果中未检测出柄曲霉素。讨论了食品中霉菌毒素的毒理学后果以及降低霉菌毒素的可能性。
