Goldstein J O
Nurs Res. 1980 Jan-Feb;29(1):46-9.
This study investigated differences between graduating seniors in two types of nursing programs--baccalaureate and associate degree--in self-actualization as measured by the Personal Orientation Inventory. The data were analyzed using t tests for the two major scales and by a repeated measures analysis of variance for the 10 subscales. The repeated measures model was used since many items appear in more than one scale. Baccalaureate graduates' means scores were higher on all scales. Significant differences (p less than .05 less than .001) were found in one major scale and seven subscales. All factors which earlier research associated with leadership showed a significant difference.
本研究调查了两种护理项目（学士学位项目和副学士学位项目）的应届毕业生在自我实现方面的差异，自我实现通过《个人取向问卷》进行测量。对两个主要量表的数据使用t检验进行分析，对10个分量表的数据使用重复测量方差分析。采用重复测量模型是因为许多项目出现在多个量表中。学士学位毕业生在所有量表上的平均得分更高。在一个主要量表和七个分量表中发现了显著差异（p小于0.05至小于0.001）。早期研究中与领导力相关的所有因素都显示出显著差异。
