Psychological and physiological changes during tobacco-abstinence in habitual smokers.

Effects of 4 days of abstinence from tobacco smoking were examined in 11 habitual smokers at their usual place of work and related to smoking habits and attitudes toward smoking as studied with the aid of a questionnaire. Results showed that adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion decreased, while performance on cognitive tests was unaffected. Irritation, disturbances in social relations and activities, and lack of needed social support were shown and reported frequently.