Fogarty B E
Res Nurs Health. 1980 Sep;3(3):95-100. doi: 10.1002/nur.4770030303.
In this study, the general hypothesis tested was that differences in rate of employment activity between baccalaureate and diploma nurses are due to effects of extraneous and intervening variables and not to intrinsic differences in the educational process. Mailed questionnaires from 1,475 nurses registered in the State of Indiana provided data on two measures of employment activity, as well as four control variables: marital status, spouse's income, presence of young children at home, and disillusionment with career. Among recent graduates, there was a negative association between possession of the baccalaureate degree and current employment status (gamma = -.359, p < .05). It was expected that holding constant the four control variables would reduce this association to or near zero. The opposite was generally the case, however; controlling for marriage, children, and disillusionment actually increased the association between type of education and employment status. Differences in employment activity between the two types of graduates therefore can not be accounted for by "traditional" variables used in the study of female labor-force participation.
在本研究中，所检验的总体假设是，学士学位护士和文凭护士就业活动率的差异是由外部变量和干预变量的影响所致，而非教育过程中的内在差异。从印第安纳州注册的1475名护士那里邮寄来的调查问卷提供了关于就业活动的两项指标以及四个控制变量的数据：婚姻状况、配偶收入、家中是否有年幼子女以及对职业的幻灭感。在近期毕业生中，拥有学士学位与当前就业状况之间存在负相关（伽马系数= -0.359，p < 0.05）。预期将四个控制变量保持不变会使这种关联降至或接近零。然而，通常情况却相反；控制婚姻、子女和幻灭感实际上增加了教育类型与就业状况之间的关联。因此，这两类毕业生在就业活动方面的差异无法用女性劳动力参与研究中使用的“传统”变量来解释。
