Essentials of geriatric care.

The geriatric patient presents a challenge to the primary care provider. Negative attitudes and stereotypes that have been imposed by society are a major block to the successful care of the elderly and need to be examined and changed. The teaching of geriatrics in medical and nursing schools and schools for health-related professions may prevent some of these negative attitudes in the future. The elderly often present with many problems, which are the result of physical changes and multiple losses. These problems are physical, emotional, social, and spiritual. The possibility for resolution of each of these needs should be investigated using a holistic, multidisciplinary team approach, with no need being dismissed simply because of the patient's age. Interventions are directed toward assisting the elderly patient to achieve self-actualization or self-fulfillment and attain and maintain the highest possible level of health, functioning, and quality of life. The physiologic changes that occur with aging result in a deviation from normal in the presentation and progression of disease, in the effects of medications, and in laboratory test results. There are alternatives to institutionalization, and these should be actively sought utilizing community supports. When institutionalization is chosen, rehabilitation should be the goal, if at all possible. Availability and therapeutic listening on the part of the primary care provider are invaluable. More time, energy, and giving of self are needed in order to successfully provide care to the geriatric patient; the challenge is great but the rewards are also great. The elderly are a wise, warm, and wonderful people.