Jukes T H
J Mol Evol. 1978 Aug 2;11(3):267-9. doi: 10.1007/BF01734488.
A comparison of the mRNAs for rabbit and human beta-hemoglobins shows that synonymous changes in codons have accumulated three times as rapidly as nucleotide replacements that produced changes in amino acids. This agrees with predictions based on the so-called 'neutral theory'. In addition, seven codon changes that appear to be single-base changes (according to 'maximum parsimony') are actually two-base changes. This indicates that the construction of "primordial sequences" is of limited signficance when based on inferences that assume minimum base changes for amino acid replacements.
对兔和人β-血红蛋白的mRNA进行比较发现，密码子中的同义变化积累速度是导致氨基酸变化的核苷酸替换的三倍。这与基于所谓“中性理论”的预测相符。此外，根据“最大简约法”看似单碱基变化的七个密码子变化实际上是双碱基变化。这表明，基于假定氨基酸替换的最小碱基变化的推断构建“原始序列”的意义有限。
