Ciba Found Symp. 1981;85:16-34.
The Institute of Hearing Research is now in the first of a three-year clinical characterization of hearing in the adult British population. One aim of this study is to obtain epidemiological data on the prevalence, and the handicapping effects and rehabilitational requirements for persons with hearing impairment, tinnitus, or both. The material presented here relates chiefly to the main pilot study. In Tier A, 6804 copies of a brief questionnaire were posted to random samples of people on the electoral rolls in Cardiff, Glasgow, Nottingham and Southampton. In Tier B, a stratified sample (n = 272) from the people who replied to the questionnaire was chosen for audiological and otological examination. The prevalence of tinnitus was 15.5-18.6% in the four cities, markedly less than the 39% found in the pre-pilot study, in which the wording of the questionnaire had not excluded spontaneous tinnitus of less tha five minutes' duration or temporary sound-induced tinnitus. In the four population sampled, tinnitus causing severe annoyance was reported by 0.4-2.8%, while a severe loss of the ability to lead a normal life was reported by 0.4-0.5%. The percentage reporting tinnitus increased significantly with age and with exposure to noise.
听力研究所目前正处于对英国成年人群听力进行为期三年的临床特征研究的第一阶段。本研究的一个目的是获取有关听力障碍、耳鸣或两者兼具的人群的患病率、致残影响及康复需求的流行病学数据。此处呈现的材料主要涉及主要的试点研究。在A组中,向加的夫、格拉斯哥、诺丁汉和南安普敦选民名册上的随机抽样人群邮寄了6804份简短问卷。在B组中,从回复问卷的人群中选取了一个分层样本(n = 272)进行听力学和耳科学检查。这四个城市中耳鸣的患病率为15.5 - 18.6%,明显低于试点前研究中发现的39%,在试点前研究中问卷措辞未排除持续时间少于五分钟的自发性耳鸣或暂时性声音诱发耳鸣。在抽样的四个人口中,有0.4 - 2.8%的人报告耳鸣导致严重困扰,而有0.4 - 0.5%的人报告严重丧失正常生活能力。报告耳鸣的百分比随年龄和噪声暴露而显著增加。