Dose response of elastase-induced emphysema in hamsters.

Elastase-induced emphysema in hamsters was studied using pulmonary function tests in an effort to develop techniques for determining the effects of air pollutants on the progression of this disease. Single intratracheal injections of 6, 12, or 24 units of porcine pancreatic elastase produced dose-related changes in pulmonary function after 4 wk when compared with sham-injected control animals. Boyle's law end-expiratory volume and residual volume, measured by gas dilution, increased (p less than 0.05) at 12 and 24 units, respectively, whereas vital capacity, determined plethysmographically, and total lung capacity wee increased (p less than 0.05) at all 3 elastase doses. Respiratory system compliance, calculated by a nonlinear least squares regression fit of the deflation pressure-volume curve, increased (p less than 0.05) at 24 units only. The multiple-breath nitrogen washout slope (N2 slope) and the single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) decreased (p less than 0.05) at all 3 doses of elastase. Both histologic and physiologic evaluation showed dose-related pulmonary impairment. It appears, therefore, that as little as 6 units of elastase produces mild emphysema in hamsters, which is detectable by pulmonary function testing. Of these tests, the DLCO and N2 slope were the most effective in detecting the degree of impairment.