Rytel M W
Infect Control. 1982 Jul-Aug;3(4):295-8. doi: 10.1017/s0195941700056368.
Pneumococcal pneumonia continues to be an important disease in terms of prevalence, morbidity and mortality. With the discovery of penicillin and its wide clinical use, the overall mortality of pneumococcal pneumonia has been significantly reduced, but problems remain. These include: 1) death rate is uninfluenced by the antibiotic in the first five days of illness; 2) death rate in certain high risk groups and in patients infected with type 3 pneumococcus exceeds 25%; and 3) penicillin resistant strains of pneumococci have emerged. Because of these and other considerations, a modern 14-valent pneumococcal vaccine has been developed by Robert Austrian and his co-workers. The vaccine has been found to be immunogenic and effective in a number of populations studied. Additional efficacy studies are needed, however, particularly in certain high risk groups, such as the elderly and immunocompromised patients.
就发病率、发病率和死亡率而言，肺炎球菌肺炎仍然是一种重要的疾病。随着青霉素的发现及其在临床上的广泛应用，肺炎球菌肺炎的总体死亡率已显著降低，但问题仍然存在。这些问题包括：1）在疾病的头五天，抗生素对死亡率没有影响；2）某些高危人群和感染3型肺炎球菌的患者的死亡率超过25%；3）已经出现了对青霉素耐药的肺炎球菌菌株。由于这些以及其他因素，罗伯特·奥地利及其同事研制出了一种现代的14价肺炎球菌疫苗。在许多研究人群中，该疫苗已被发现具有免疫原性且有效。然而，还需要进行更多的疗效研究，特别是在某些高危人群中，如老年人和免疫功能低下的患者。
