Valanis B G, Yeaworth R
Res Nurs Health. 1982 Sep;5(3):137-46. doi: 10.1002/nur.4770050305.
Subjective and objective ratings of mental and physical health were compared, using data from a larger study of older bereaved persons. Variation by age, race, and sex of subjects also was investigated. Sixty widowed individuals, aged 58-83, whose spouses died within the previous three months were identified through death certificates. Subjects were interviewed in their homes using a modification of the older Americans' Resources and Services, Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire (OARS), which provides objective and subjective ratings of mental and physical health. The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale was used to quantify intensity of depression. Subjective ratings of physical health are primarily positive and significantly better than the objective ratings, particularly for women. In general, subjective and objective ratings of mental health do not differ. Interviewer ratings of physical health show significant variation by age of subjects rated. Findings are discussed in terms of reference group comparisons and of implications for design and interpretation of morbidity studies of widowed.
利用一项针对老年丧偶者的大型研究数据，对心理和身体健康的主观及客观评分进行了比较。还调查了研究对象的年龄、种族和性别的差异。通过死亡证明确定了60名年龄在58至83岁之间、配偶在过去三个月内去世的丧偶个体。使用对《美国老年人资源与服务多维功能评估问卷》（OARS）进行修改后的问卷，在研究对象家中对他们进行访谈，该问卷可提供心理和身体健康的主观及客观评分。使用zung自评抑郁量表来量化抑郁程度。身体健康的主观评分主要为积极的，且显著优于客观评分，尤其是对女性而言。一般来说，心理健康的主观评分和客观评分没有差异。访谈者对身体健康的评分显示，根据被评分研究对象的年龄有显著差异。从参照组比较以及对丧偶者发病率研究的设计和解释的影响方面对研究结果进行了讨论。
