Mahon N E
Nurs Res. 1982 Nov-Dec;31(6):343-7.
Using a sample of 209 volunteer students between the ages of 18 and 25 from an urban university, the relationships between self-disclosure, interpersonal dependency, life changes, and loneliness were studied. Respondents completed the Jourard 40-Item Self-Disclosure Questionnaire, the Interpersonal Dependency Inventory, the Recent Life Change Questionnaire, and the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis were used to test the hypotheses. Hypotheses were supported predicting an inverse relationship between self-disclosure and loneliness (p less than .005) and a positive relationship between interpersonal dependency and loneliness (p less than .005). However, a positive relationship between life changes and loneliness was not supported. Data also supported the hypothesis that self-disclosure, interpersonal dependency, and life changes would account for greater variance in loneliness than any single variable alone (F(3,204 = 14.433), p less than .01). From a stepwise multiple regression analysis, self-disclosure and interpersonal dependency together accounted for 17.4 percent of the variance in loneliness. Implications for nursing practice are discussed with particular emphasis on potential strategies for preventing loneliness.
以一所城市大学的209名年龄在18至25岁之间的志愿学生为样本，研究了自我表露、人际依赖、生活变化与孤独感之间的关系。受访者完成了朱拉德40项自我表露问卷、人际依赖量表、近期生活变化问卷以及修订后的加州大学洛杉矶分校孤独感量表。使用皮尔逊积差相关系数和多元回归分析来检验假设。研究假设得到支持，即自我表露与孤独感呈负相关（p小于0.005），人际依赖与孤独感呈正相关（p小于0.005）。然而，生活变化与孤独感之间的正相关关系未得到支持。数据还支持以下假设：自我表露、人际依赖和生活变化共同解释孤独感的方差比任何单个变量单独解释的方差更大（F(3,204)=14.433，p小于0.01）。通过逐步多元回归分析，自我表露和人际依赖共同解释了孤独感方差的17.4%。本文讨论了对护理实践的启示，特别强调了预防孤独感的潜在策略。
