Baldree K S, Murphy S P, Powers M J
Nurs Res. 1982 Mar-Apr;31(2):107-12.
The types and severity of stressors and methods of coping with stress were assessed for 35 patients on hemodialysis. Coping was measured with a tested scale and stress was evaluated with a scale developed for the study. Test-retest reliability of the stressor scale was satisfactory (rs = .71). Results indicated that stressors experienced by the hemodialysis patient can be measured with an objective tool; psychosocial stressors have an impact equal to that of physiological stressors. Fluid restriction was ranked as the highest psychosocial stressor and the top physiological stressors were muscle cramps and fatigue. Patients on dialysis for one to three years indicated the greatest amount of stress. Patients used problem-oriented coping methods significantly more than affective-oriented methods (t [34] = 7.06), p greater than .001). Optimism and controlling the situation were the two most common coping methods, and putting the problem out of one's mind and blaming someone else were the least important coping tools.
对35名血液透析患者的应激源类型和严重程度以及应对压力的方法进行了评估。应对方式通过一个经过测试的量表进行测量，压力则通过为该研究开发的量表进行评估。应激源量表的重测信度令人满意（rs = 0.71）。结果表明，血液透析患者所经历的应激源可用一种客观工具进行测量；心理社会应激源的影响与生理应激源相当。液体限制被列为最高的心理社会应激源，而最主要的生理应激源是肌肉痉挛和疲劳。透析一至三年的患者所承受的压力最大。患者使用以问题为导向的应对方法的频率显著高于以情感为导向的方法（t[34] = 7.06，p大于0.001）。乐观和掌控局面是两种最常见的应对方法，而将问题抛诸脑后和责怪他人是最不重要的应对手段。
