Sutton T D, Murphy S P
Presbyterian School of Nursing, Presbyterian Hospital, Charlotte, North Carolina.
Nurs Res. 1989 Jan-Feb;38(1):46-9.
Forty patients less than 4 years postrenal transplant rated the severity of 35 potential stressors on a 5-point scale. Patients then rated the extent to which they used each of 40 coping strategies to deal with stress. The most stressful items were cost factors and fear of kidney rejection; fear of not being accepted by family and friends was least stressful. Prayer and looking at the problem objectively were used most in coping with stress. Drug and alcohol use and blaming others for your problems were used least. Problem-oriented coping scores were significantly higher than affective-oriented scores, t (39) = 10.10, p less than .001. Patients 24 to 48 months posttransplant had significantly higher total stressor scores than patients less than 2 years posttransplant. However, the rankings of stressors by mean severity ratings were significantly correlated. Patients 24 to 48 months posttransplant were not significantly different from patients up to 23 months posttransplant with respect to total coping scores and total problem-oriented scores, but they did differ significantly on total affective-oriented scores. The rank orderings of coping methods according to mean degree of use were significantly correlated between the two subgroups, rs = .87. These findings suggest that renal patients may experience continuing stressors of moderate intensity as long as 4 years posttransplant.
40名肾移植术后不到4年的患者对35种潜在压力源的严重程度进行了5级评分。然后，患者对他们使用40种应对策略中的每一种来应对压力的程度进行了评分。压力最大的项目是成本因素和对肾排斥的恐惧；对不被家人和朋友接受的恐惧压力最小。应对压力时最常使用的是祈祷和客观看待问题。使用药物和酒精以及将问题归咎于他人的情况最少。问题导向型应对得分显著高于情感导向型得分，t(39)=10.10，p<0.001。移植后24至48个月的患者的总压力源得分显著高于移植后不到2年的患者。然而，按平均严重程度评分的压力源排名显著相关。移植后24至48个月的患者在总应对得分和总问题导向得分方面与移植后23个月以内的患者没有显著差异，但在总情感导向得分方面确实存在显著差异。两个亚组之间根据平均使用程度排列的应对方法的排序显著相关，rs=0.87。这些发现表明，肾移植患者在移植后长达4年的时间里可能会经历中等强度的持续压力源。
