Isolation of a human repetitive sequence and its application to regional chromosome mapping.

Recombinant lambda phage Charon 4A with repetitive human DNA inserts have been constructed by using cellular DNA from a human-Chinese hamster ovary cell hybrid retaining the complete hamster genome and a single human chromosome 12. One recombinant phage, 12-11, contains several repetitive sequences, each with a different repetition pattern in the human genome. A 2.2-kilobase (kb) EcoRI fragment of this phage was subcloned in pBR325. This sequence has fewer than 5,000 copies in the human genome and does not cross-hybridize with Chinese hamster DNA. When the labeled 2.2-kb probe was hybridized to human chromosome 12 DNA digested with EcoRI, there was an intense band at the 2.2-kb position and a series of other discrete bands. The band pattern at positions other than 2.2 kb appears to be distinct for each human chromosome. The 2.2-kb fragment is composed of at least three subregions. The ends of the fragment are repeated more frequently in the genome than is the middle portion. Hybridization of chromosome 12 DNA with probes made to these subregions yielded simpler band patterns. By using a series of cell hybrids containing various deletions of human chromosome 12, five sequences related to the 2.2-kb fragment have been assigned regionally to a specific portion of the short arm of chromosome 12. These results demonstrate that certain repetitive sequences in the human genome can be used as genetic markers and may permit detailed regional mapping of human chromosomes.