Spatz R, Kugler J
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl. 1982;36:549-58.
In a retrospective study involving 680 EEG investigations in 593 patients the effects of various psychopharmaceutical agents were examined by visual interpretation of the EEG. The drugs were given singly in the majority of cases and were combined in others, and special attention was paid to the occurrence of paroxysmal EEG activity. The proportions of abnormal EEGs in the various groups were (in descending order): clozapine 59%, lithium salts 50%, butyrophenone 44%, maprotiline 37%, dibenzepine 32%, laevomepromazine and amitriptyline 31%, imipramine 9% and diazepam 4%. The proportions of paroxysmal discharges (13%) and generalized transient disturbances with groups of slow waves (16%) were also greatest in the clozapine group. During 3.5 years (1973-1974, May 1979-November 1980) we observed drug-induced generalized seizures in 16 inpatients = 0.28% of all inpatients (N = 5785) in that time. The psychotropic drugs given to these patients were either laevomepromazine (Neurocil 4x), perazine (Taxilan 3x), maprotiline (Ludiomil 3x), clozapine (Leponex 2x), lithium carbonate (Quilonum retard 2x) and amitriptyline (Saroten 2x) alone or partly in combination with butyrophenone (3x), fluphenazine (2x) and biperiden (3x). The appearance of paroxysmal EEG activity seems dose dependent and occurs more often during treatment with a combination of psychoactive compounds, than in patients receiving a single drug.
在一项对593例患者进行680次脑电图检查的回顾性研究中，通过对脑电图的视觉解读来研究各种精神药物的作用。大多数情况下药物单独使用，其他情况下则联合使用，同时特别关注阵发性脑电图活动的发生情况。各药物组中脑电图异常的比例（从高到低）为：氯氮平59%，锂盐50%，丁酰苯44%，马普替林37%，二苯氮䓬32%，左美丙嗪和阿米替林31%，丙咪嗪9%，地西泮4%。氯氮平组中阵发性放电（13%）和伴有慢波群的广泛性短暂性干扰（16%）的比例也最高。在3.5年期间（1973 - 1974年，1979年5月 - 1980年11月），我们在16名住院患者中观察到药物诱发的全身性癫痫发作，占当时所有住院患者（N = 5785）的0.28%。给予这些患者的精神药物包括单独使用的左美丙嗪（Neurocil 4次）、奋乃静（Taxilan 3次）、马普替林（Ludiomil 3次）、氯氮平（Leponex 2次）、碳酸锂（Quilonum retard 2次）和阿米替林（Saroten 2次），部分患者还联合使用了丁酰苯（3次）、氟奋乃静（2次）和安坦（3次）。阵发性脑电图活动的出现似乎与剂量有关，并且在联合使用精神活性化合物治疗期间比使用单一药物的患者更常出现。
