Taylor H R
Med J Aust. 1980 Jan 26;1(2):71-6. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1980.tb134630.x.
A descriptive epidemiological survey of monocular and binocular blindness in Australian Aborigines was undertaken. A case-control study was also performed using age and sex matched sighted controls to allow investigation of personal and environmental factors which may contribute to blindness. The prevalence rate of binocular blindness in the Australian Aboriginal males and females was 11/1000; and the monocular blindness rates were 24/1000 for males and 18/1000 for females. The prevalence of blindness was strongly age-related; over the age of 60 years, 21.5% of males and 17.5% of females were binocularly blind, and 25.5% of males and 18.5% of females were monocularly blind. Half of the blindness was caused by cataracts, one-third by corneal disease, and one-twelfth by the loss of the globe. Trachoma and trauma were positively associated with blindness. Employment seemed to reduce the likelihood of blindness, with the exception of the Aboriginal males who had been employed as stockmen and who had a high rate of blindness. Less than 10% of blindness was attributable to degenerative or retinal disorders.
对澳大利亚原住民单眼和双眼失明情况进行了描述性流行病学调查。还进行了一项病例对照研究，使用年龄和性别匹配的有视力对照者，以调查可能导致失明的个人和环境因素。澳大利亚原住民男性和女性双眼失明的患病率为11/1000；单眼失明率男性为24/1000，女性为18/1000。失明患病率与年龄密切相关；60岁以上的男性中，21.5%为双眼失明，女性为17.5%；单眼失明的男性为25.5%，女性为18.5%。一半的失明是由白内障引起的，三分之一由角膜疾病引起，十二分之一由眼球缺失引起。沙眼和外伤与失明呈正相关。就业似乎会降低失明的可能性，但曾从事牧工工作的原住民男性失明率较高除外。不到10%的失明归因于退行性或视网膜疾病。
