头孢菌素类药物对甲氧西林敏感及耐药的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的活性：β-内酰胺酶的影响极小
Activity of cephalosporins against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant, coagulase-negative staphylococci: minimal effect of beta-lactamase.
作者信息
John J F, McNeill W F
出版信息
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1980 Feb;17(2):179-83. doi: 10.1128/AAC.17.2.179.
Abstract
Eight cephalosporins were tested for their activity against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant, coagulase-negative staphylococci and for their resistance to beta-lactamase from methicillin-resistant, coagulase-negative staphylococci. Susceptibility testing by the agar plate method was evaluated for the effect of inoculum size and duration of incubation. Methicillin-susceptible, coagulase-negative staphylococci were highly susceptible to the cephalosporins, with cephapirin and cepahlothin showing the greatest activity, followed by cefazolin and cefamandole. Methicillin-resistant, coagulase-negative staphylococci displayed nearly total cross-resistance to the cephalosporins. Resistance increased with increasing inoculum size. Beta-Lactamases produced by methicillin-resistant, coagulase-negative staphylococci had a minimal hydrolytic effect on cepahlothin, cephapirin, cefazolin, and cefamandole and no measurable effect on cefoxitin. There was no correlation between the anti-staphylococcal activity and resistance to beta-lactamases.
摘要
对8种头孢菌素进行了测试，检测其对甲氧西林敏感和耐甲氧西林的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的活性，以及对耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌产生的β-内酰胺酶的耐药性。通过琼脂平板法进行药敏试验，评估接种量和孵育时间的影响。甲氧西林敏感的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌对头孢菌素高度敏感，头孢匹林和头孢噻吩活性最强，其次是头孢唑林和头孢孟多。耐甲氧西林的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌对头孢菌素几乎呈现完全交叉耐药。耐药性随接种量增加而增强。耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌产生的β-内酰胺酶对头孢噻吩、头孢匹林、头孢唑林和头孢孟多的水解作用极小，对头孢西丁无明显作用。抗葡萄球菌活性与对β-内酰胺酶的耐药性之间无相关性。
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