Myerowitz R L, Michaels R H
Lab Invest. 1981 May;44(5):434-41.
Intranasal infection of infant rats by virulent influenza A virus increases the frequency and magnitude of bacteremia induced by subsequent atraumatic intranasal inoculation of Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIb). The mechanism of the "potentiating" effect was studied by histology, by measurement of the frequency and kinetics of bacteremia in rats preinoculated with virus, or a chemical irritant (0.1 N HCl), by comparison of the latter with physically "traumatic" bacterial inoculation, and correlation of these data with nasal HIb titers. Both virus and acid induced significant nasal inflammation which progressed following bacterial inoculation. A period of intranasal proliferation of HIb preceded bacteremia in rats preinoculated with either virus or acid. In contrast, bacteremia occurred almost immediately following physically traumatic bacterial inoculation suggesting that direct intravascular invasion had occurred under those circumstances. Repeated atraumatic inoculation of HIb or HIb followed by growth medium both produced a significantly increased frequently of bacteremia compared to a single inoculation, suggesting that the prolonged presence of large numbers of intranasal HIb was a factor in producing bacteremia and that virus or acid-induced mucosal inflammation may lead to elaboration of growth factors for HIb in nasal tissues.
用强毒A型流感病毒经鼻内感染幼鼠，会增加随后经鼻无创伤接种b型流感嗜血杆菌（HIb）诱导的菌血症的频率和程度。通过组织学、测量预先接种病毒或化学刺激物（0.1 N盐酸）的大鼠菌血症的频率和动力学、将后者与物理“创伤性”细菌接种进行比较，以及将这些数据与鼻腔HIb滴度相关联，研究了这种“增强”作用的机制。病毒和酸均引起显著的鼻腔炎症，在细菌接种后炎症会进展。在预先接种病毒或酸的大鼠中，HIb在鼻腔内增殖一段时间后才出现菌血症。相比之下，在物理创伤性细菌接种后几乎立即发生菌血症，这表明在这些情况下发生了直接血管内入侵。与单次接种相比，重复无创伤接种HIb或接种HIb后再接种生长培养基均显著增加了菌血症的频率，这表明大量鼻腔内HIb的长期存在是产生菌血症的一个因素，并且病毒或酸诱导的粘膜炎症可能导致鼻腔组织中HIb生长因子的产生。
