Bachman J G, Johnston L D, O'Malley P M
Am J Public Health. 1981 Jan;71(1):59-69. doi: 10.2105/ajph.71.1.59.
This paper uses findings from five nationally representative surveys of high school seniors from 1975 through 1979 to examine the correlates of licit and illicit drug use, and to consider whether recent changes in youthful drug use are linked to any changes in the correlates. Males still exceed females in use of alcohol and marijuana, but no longer in cigarette smoking. Black seniors now report less drug use than Whites. Other dimensions of family background, region, and urbanicity show only modest associations with drug use. Above average drug use occurs among those less successful in adaptation to the educational environment, as indicated by truancy and low grades; those who spend many evenings out for recreation; and those with heavy time commitments to a job and/or relatively high incomes. Drug use is below average among seniors with strong religious commitments and conservative political views. From 1975 through 1979, among seniors cigarette use peaked and subsequently declined, marijuana use rose and then leveled off, and the (still infrequent) use of cocaine rose rapidly. However, these shifts in drug use were not accompanied by substantial shifts in the above correlates of use. The findings thus suggest that the kinds of young people most at risk remain much the same, while the types and amounts of substances they use shift somewhat from year to year.
本文利用1975年至1979年对高中毕业生进行的五次全国代表性调查结果，来研究合法和非法药物使用的相关因素，并探讨青少年药物使用的近期变化是否与相关因素的任何变化有关。在酒精和大麻的使用上，男性仍然超过女性，但在吸烟方面已不再如此。现在黑人高年级学生报告的药物使用情况比白人少。家庭背景、地区和城市化程度的其他方面与药物使用的关联仅为适度。如逃学和成绩低所示，在适应教育环境方面不太成功的人、那些花很多晚上外出娱乐的人以及那些工作时间投入多和/或收入相对较高的人，药物使用量高于平均水平。有强烈宗教信仰和保守政治观点的高年级学生药物使用量低于平均水平。从1975年到1979年，高年级学生中吸烟先达到峰值随后下降，大麻使用量上升然后趋于平稳，（仍然不常见的）可卡因使用量迅速上升。然而，药物使用的这些变化并没有伴随着上述使用相关因素的实质性变化。因此，研究结果表明，最易受影响的年轻人类型基本保持不变，而他们使用的物质类型和数量每年会略有变化。
