Simpura J
Int J Addict. 1981 Oct;16(7):1129-41. doi: 10.3109/10826088109039167.
An unusual opportunity to compare drinking habits in two countries in a technically satisfying way is offered by two surveys, one conducted in Scotland in 1972 by Dight and the other in Finland in 1976 by this author. Both Scotland and Finland represent ambivalent sociocultural attitudes toward alcohol, and the total alcohol consumption per capita is approximately the same in both countries. In Finland the distribution of alcoholic beverages is controlled by a state alcohol monopoly whereas in Scotland the distribution is in private hands and controlled by a very different system. Moreover, the dominating beverage type in Scotland is beer in spite of the famous whisky tradition, while the Finns prefer distilled spirits to other beverages. Thus there exist notable similarities as well as interesting dissimilarities in the general framework of drinking habits in these two countries. In this paper only the shares of drinkers and abstainers in demographic groups, the number of problem drinkers, as well as some results concerning the attributes of drinking occasions are considered. The results reveal interesting differences in the sociocultural sphere of drinking. The problem to be further discussed is whether these differences arise from the deeply noted traditions or from the influence of control systems. These two are, of course, complexly connected.
两项调查提供了一个以技术上令人满意的方式比较两国饮酒习惯的难得机会。一项是1972年由迪特在苏格兰进行的，另一项是1976年由本文作者在芬兰进行的。苏格兰和芬兰对酒精都表现出矛盾的社会文化态度，两国的人均酒精消费总量大致相同。在芬兰，酒精饮料的分销由国家酒精专卖局控制，而在苏格兰，分销由私人掌控且受截然不同的体系监管。此外，尽管苏格兰有著名的威士忌传统，但主导饮料类型却是啤酒，而芬兰人比起其他饮料更喜欢蒸馏酒。因此，这两个国家在饮酒习惯的总体框架上既存在显著的相似之处，也有有趣的不同之处。在本文中，仅考虑不同人口群体中饮酒者和戒酒者的比例、问题饮酒者的数量，以及一些关于饮酒场合特征的结果。结果揭示了饮酒社会文化领域中有趣的差异。有待进一步讨论的问题是，这些差异是源于根深蒂固的传统，还是控制系统的影响。当然，这两者是复杂地联系在一起的。
