Laine T, Hausen H
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1982 Aug;10(4):209-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1982.tb00380.x.
Undergraduate students (n = 451) at a Finnish university were studied. For analysis, the subjects were divided into two birth cohorts: those born before 1955, and those born in that year or later. Information about previous orthodontic appliance therapy was obtained from the students by using a structured questionnaire. Missing permanent teeth (second and third molars excluded) were recorded at a dental examination. Every 10th student had received orthodontic treatment; the proportion of orthodontically treated subjects was higher for females (14%) than for males (5%). Seven percent of students born in 1954 or earlier and 15% of the younger students had had orthodontic treatment before 1977. In 39% of subjects, at least one permanent tooth was missing while only 12% had lost more than two permanent teeth. The tooth missing most often was the permanent mandibular first molar (in 23% of subjects). Frequency of tooth loss was the same in males and females. At least one permanent tooth was missing in 48% of the older and in 31% of the younger students. At least one first molar had been lost by 36% of the older students and 20% of the younger ones. Fewer first molars but more permanent teeth anterior to the first molars were missing in subjects who had had orthodontic treatment than in subjects who had not had such treatment. Among Finnish students the frequency of extraction of permanent teeth because of caries is decreasing, and the frequency of orthodontic treatment is increasing. Females are more likely to seek orthodontic treatment than males are.
对芬兰一所大学的451名本科生进行了研究。为了进行分析，将受试者分为两个出生队列：1955年以前出生的和该年及以后出生的。通过使用结构化问卷从学生那里获取有关以前正畸矫治器治疗的信息。在牙科检查中记录缺失的恒牙（不包括第二和第三磨牙）。每10名学生中有1名接受过正畸治疗；接受正畸治疗的女性受试者比例（14%）高于男性（5%）。1954年或更早出生的学生中有7%以及较年轻的学生中有15%在1977年以前接受过正畸治疗。在39%的受试者中，至少有一颗恒牙缺失，而只有12%的人失去了两颗以上的恒牙。最常缺失的牙齿是下颌第一恒磨牙（在23%的受试者中）。牙齿缺失的频率在男性和女性中相同。48%的年长学生和31%的年轻学生至少有一颗恒牙缺失。36%的年长学生和20%的年轻学生至少有一颗第一磨牙缺失。接受过正畸治疗的受试者比未接受过此类治疗的受试者缺失的第一磨牙较少，但第一磨牙前方的恒牙较多。在芬兰学生中，因龋齿拔除恒牙的频率在下降，而正畸治疗的频率在上升。女性比男性更有可能寻求正畸治疗。
