Hiidenkari T, Parvinen T, Helenius H
Department of Prosthetics, University of Turku, Finland.
Community Dent Health. 1996 Dec;13(4):215-22.
The majority of Finnish adults have lost one, some or all of their teeth. The prosthetic replacement of missing teeth has thus been an important element of adult dental care. However, there have been no longitudinal studies focusing on the development of oral health among the Finnish adult population in terms of further tooth loss. A baseline sample from 1977-78 was selected from the city of Turku to represent the adult population aged 30 years and over. Ten years later, a follow-up examination was carried out on this baseline study group. A new sample of persons aged 30-39 years was also obtained to provide cross-sectional information, allowing comparisons between this study group and the youngest age-group of the 1977-78 study. In 1977-78, 52 per cent of all subjects had 20 or more remaining teeth. The mean number of missing teeth was 15.8 (SD 11.05) and the corresponding median 12 teeth. The number of missing teeth was on average higher in the older age-groups (P < 0.001). Women had more missing teeth than men (P < 0.01). In the ten-year follow-up study, the mean number of lost teeth was 1.5 (SD 2.32) and the median one tooth. The average number of lost teeth increased with age (P < 0.01). The rate of tooth loss was highest for those with 10 to 19 teeth at baseline, second highest for those with one to nine teeth and lowest for those with 20 to 32 teeth (P < 0.001). The reasons most often reported for tooth extraction were tooth mobility, pain and prosthetic treatment. In the cross-sectional study groups of persons aged 30-39 years, the proportion of subjects with a complete natural dentition of 28 to 32 teeth was 63.4 per cent in 1989, compared with 40.0 per cent ten years earlier. The average number of missing teeth was lower in 1989 than in 1977-78 (mean 4.7, SD 3.81 vs. mean 7.8, SD 6.92; P < 0.001). In both cross-sectional examinations women had a higher mean number of missing teeth than men. However, the difference between the genders was statistically significant only in 1977-78 (P < 0.01). Among the age-group of 30-39 years, there has been a considerable improvement in retention of natural teeth during the ten-year interval. However, among the middle-aged and elderly population reduced dentition was common; in addition, extraction was still used as a dental treatment especially among persons with reduced dentition. This suggests that the need for prosthetic replacement of lost teeth will continue to play a role in adult dental care in Finland for some decades to come.
大多数芬兰成年人都掉了一颗、几颗或全部牙齿。因此，牙齿缺失的修复一直是成人牙科护理的重要组成部分。然而，尚无针对芬兰成年人口进一步牙齿缺失方面口腔健康发展情况的纵向研究。1977 - 1978年的基线样本取自图尔库市，以代表30岁及以上的成年人口。十年后，对这个基线研究组进行了随访检查。还获取了一个30 - 39岁人群的新样本以提供横断面信息，以便将该研究组与1977 - 1978年研究中最年轻的年龄组进行比较。1977 - 1978年，所有受试者中有52%剩余20颗或更多牙齿。平均缺失牙齿数为15.8颗（标准差11.05），相应中位数为12颗。年龄较大的年龄组平均缺失牙齿数更高（P < 0.001）。女性比男性缺失的牙齿更多（P < 0.01）。在为期十年的随访研究中，平均掉牙数为1.5颗（标准差2.32），中位数为1颗。平均掉牙数随年龄增加（P < 0.01）。基线时牙齿数为10至19颗的人群牙齿脱落率最高，1至9颗的人群其次，20至32颗的人群最低（P < 0.001）。最常报告的拔牙原因是牙齿松动、疼痛和修复治疗。在30 - 39岁人群的横断面研究组中，1989年拥有28至32颗完整天然牙列的受试者比例为63.4%，而十年前为40.0%。1989年平均缺失牙齿数低于1977 - 1978年（均值4.7，标准差3.81对均值7.8，标准差6.92；P < 0.001）。在两次横断面检查中，女性的平均缺失牙齿数均高于男性。然而，性别差异仅在1977 - 1978年具有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。在30 - 39岁年龄组中，十年间天然牙的保留情况有了显著改善。然而，在中年和老年人群中牙列减少很常见；此外，拔牙仍然是一种牙科治疗手段，尤其是在牙列减少的人群中。这表明在未来几十年里，牙齿缺失的修复需求在芬兰成人牙科护理中仍将发挥作用。
