Ashworth C M, Blackburn I M, McPherson F M
Br J Med Psychol. 1982 Sep;55(3):247-55. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8341.1982.tb01505.x.
Six groups were tested: 20 depressed, 10 manic, 10 schizophrenic, 10 alcoholic and 10 physically ill patients, and 10 recovered depressed patients. They were administered repertory grids whose 10 elements were role titles and which employed 12 elicited constructs and one provided construct. After principal component analysis of each grid, measures were derived of 'cognitive simplicity' (Chetwynd, 1977), 'monolithic' and 'articulated' structure (Makhlouf-Norris et al., 1970), 'integration of self and others', and 'self-esteem'. Although neither the depressed nor the manic group differed from all the other groups on any measure, there was a tendency for the depressed patients to be characterized by grids which showed relative 'cognitive simplicity', and 'monolithic' but 'unarticulated' structure, a large perceived distance between self and others, and low 'self-esteem' and for the manic patients to have relatively 'complex' (or confused) grids, with 'unarticulated' structure, a small 'self-other' distance and high 'self-esteem'.
20名抑郁症患者、10名躁狂症患者、10名精神分裂症患者、10名酗酒者和10名身体疾病患者，以及10名康复的抑郁症患者。给他们发放了角色构念方格，其中10个元素为角色头衔，并采用了12个引出构念和1个提供构念。对每个方格进行主成分分析后，得出了“认知简单性”（切特温德，1977年）、“整体”和“清晰”结构（马赫卢夫-诺里斯等人，1970年）、“自我与他人的整合”以及“自尊”的测量值。尽管抑郁症组和躁狂症组在任何测量指标上与所有其他组均无差异，但抑郁症患者的方格往往表现出相对的“认知简单性”、“整体”但“不清晰”的结构、自我与他人之间较大的感知距离以及较低的“自尊”；而躁狂症患者的方格则相对“复杂”（或混乱），具有“不清晰”的结构、较小的“自我-他人”距离和较高 的“自尊”。
