Role of immunoglobulin classes in experimental histoplasmosis in bats.

Pooled normal bat serum was separated by gel filtration to give fractions rich in IgG-, Iga- and IgM-like proteins. These fractions were analogous to the corresponding human immunoglobulin classes by immunoelectrophoresis and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Rabbits were immunized with the fractions and the antisera absorbed. Neotropical bats (Artibeus lituratus) were infected with Histoplasma capsulatum and serum samples were collected weekly and tested for specific serologic response to the fungus. A radial immunodiffusion test was devised to monitor changes in concentrations of IgG, IgA and IgM in the same sera. Bats infected with a low dose of fungus had significantly increased levels of IgM and IgA between 2-6 weeks post-infection. Bats receiving a high dose maintained elevated levels of IgM and IgA through the end of the study. Significantly elevated levels of IgG were not detected until late in the disease (8-9 weeks). In bats with histoplasmosis, IgM and IgA appeared to contribute primarily to the early positive serologies, while precipitating antibodies of the IgG class were detectable later in the disease. These results are similar to the serologic profile seen in human histoplasmosis, and extend our understanding of comparative immune responses in an important wildlife reservoir of human mycotic pathogens.