Trowbridge F L, Stetler H C
Bull World Health Organ. 1982;60(3):433-40.
Nutritional status surveillance data based on the clinical diagnosis of malnutrition and on weight-for-age, as well as diarrhoeal disease data for preschool age children attending government health clinics in El Salvador are presented for a 3-year period (1975 - 77). Surveillance results indicated consistently higher rates of clinical malnutrition and weight-for-age deficit in rural children as compared with urban children, and higher malnutrition rates in children 1 - 4 years of age as compared with infants less than 1 year old. Consistent seasonal increases in malnutrition were observed that were most pronounced in older preschool children (1 - 4 years) in rural areas. Seasonal peaks in malnutrition consistently followed 1 - 2 months after the major seasonal peak in diarrhoea at the onset of the rainy season, suggesting that diarrhoea may play a role in the etiology of malnutrition. A secondary seasonal peak in diarrhoea in the cooler, dry season was most prominent in infants but was not related to increased malnutrition. These results indicate that nutritional and health status indicators formed from data collected regularly at health centres can demonstrate consistent age group, urban/rural, and seasonal differences in nutritional status that may be useful in identifying risk groups and in monitoring nutritional changes for planning and evaluation purposes.
本文呈现了萨尔瓦多政府诊所3年期间（1975 - 1977年）基于营养不良临床诊断、年龄别体重的营养状况监测数据，以及学龄前儿童腹泻病数据。监测结果表明，与城市儿童相比，农村儿童临床营养不良和年龄别体重不足的发生率一直较高；与1岁以下婴儿相比，1 - 4岁儿童的营养不良率更高。观察到营养不良呈季节性持续上升，在农村地区年龄较大的学龄前儿童（1 - 4岁）中最为明显。营养不良的季节性高峰始终在雨季开始时腹泻的主要季节性高峰后1 - 2个月出现，这表明腹泻可能在营养不良的病因中起作用。较凉爽干燥季节腹泻的第二个季节性高峰在婴儿中最为突出，但与营养不良增加无关。这些结果表明，从卫生中心定期收集的数据得出的营养和健康状况指标能够显示出营养状况在年龄组、城乡以及季节方面的持续差异，这对于识别风险群体以及为规划和评估目的监测营养变化可能是有用的。
