Schwarz W, Trost D C, Reiland S L, Rifkind B M, Heiss G
Arteriosclerosis. 1982 Nov-Dec;2(6):513-22. doi: 10.1161/01.atv.2.6.513.
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to describe the relationship between low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and various physical, chemical, dietary, and behavioral attributes of 4768 white men and women aged 20-59 years from 10 North American populations sampled by the Lipid Research Clinics Program. For our analyses, women were separated into two groups: users and nonusers of hormones. A positive correlation coefficient between very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and LDL-C was observed for women but not for men. Fasting plasma concentrations of LDL-C were most strongly and consistently associated in each gender with age, the Quetelet Index of body mass, the number of cigarettes smoked per day, systolic blood pressure, and the levels of plasma glucose and uric acid (all positive associations); and with height and bilirubin levels (both negative associations). Gender-related differences were found in the associations between LDL-C and the other lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol fractions measured. The associations between LDL-C and individual nutrients computed from a 24-hour dietary recall were generally of a low-order magnitude. The strongest and most consistent among the statistically significant associations were those between LDL-C and total caloric intake and with carbohydrates and sucrose (all negative associations). Other statistically significant association between LDL-C and reported intake of nutrients were less consistent, e.g., LDL-C levels were negatively related to alcohol consumption in women, but showed a weak positive relation to alcohol intake in men. Multiple linear stepwise regression was used to assess the variation in LDL-C concentration attributable to each characteristic under study, adjusted for concomitant variation in any other variable. As in the univariable analyses, age was the strongest covariate of LDL-C; adjusting for all other terms in the stepwise regression analysis, cigarette smoking was identified as the next strongest determinant of LDL-C. Other measurements, such as body mass, clinical chemistries, and alcohol consumption, emerged as independent predictors of LDL-C levels in a pattern specific to gender and to hormone use.
这项横断面研究的目的是描述低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）与脂质研究临床项目从10个北美人群中抽取的4768名年龄在20至59岁的白人男性和女性的各种身体、化学、饮食和行为特征之间的关系。在我们的分析中，女性被分为两组：激素使用者和非使用者。观察到女性的极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（VLDL-C）与LDL-C之间存在正相关系数，而男性则不存在。空腹血浆LDL-C浓度在每种性别中与年龄、体重克托莱指数、每日吸烟量、收缩压以及血浆葡萄糖和尿酸水平（均为正相关）最为强烈且一致地相关；与身高和胆红素水平（均为负相关）相关。在LDL-C与所测量的其他脂质和脂蛋白胆固醇组分之间的关联中发现了性别差异。根据24小时饮食回忆计算得出的LDL-C与个体营养素之间的关联通常程度较低。在具有统计学意义的关联中，最强且最一致的是LDL-C与总热量摄入以及碳水化合物和蔗糖之间的关联（均为负相关）。LDL-C与报告的营养素摄入量之间的其他具有统计学意义的关联则不太一致，例如，LDL-C水平在女性中与饮酒呈负相关，但在男性中与酒精摄入量呈弱正相关。使用多元线性逐步回归来评估归因于所研究的每个特征的LDL-C浓度变化，并针对任何其他变量的伴随变化进行调整。与单变量分析一样，年龄是LDL-C最强的协变量；在逐步回归分析中对所有其他项进行调整后，吸烟被确定为LDL-C的第二强决定因素。其他测量指标，如体重、临床化学指标和饮酒量，以特定于性别和激素使用情况的模式成为LDL-C水平的独立预测因素。
