Adams A J
Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1982 Dec;59(12):954-60. doi: 10.1097/00006324-198212000-00004.
Color vision loss can be an early sign of eye disease; in many retinal disorders the loss precedes any change in visual acuity. Noninvasive psychophysical methods allow factoring out of preretinal, receptoral, and postreceptoral (neural) components of the color vision change. A loss of chromatic but not achromatic sensitivity occurs for diabetics; the loss is selective for pathways subserving blue-sensitive photoreceptors. Both chromatic and achromatic pathways are altered in glaucoma and senile macular degeneration; the most marked change in central serous choroidopathy is loss of sensitivity somewhere in the blue-sensitive cone pathway. There is evidence that the pathways subserved by blue-sensitive cones have anatomically and physiologically different properties from those served by other receptor types, and they appear particularly vulnerable to disturbances of retinal integrity.
色觉丧失可能是眼部疾病的早期迹象；在许多视网膜疾病中，色觉丧失先于视力的任何变化。非侵入性心理物理学方法可以区分出色觉变化的视网膜前、感受器和感受器后（神经）成分。糖尿病患者会出现色觉但非无色觉敏感度的丧失；这种丧失对服务于蓝光敏感光感受器的通路具有选择性。青光眼和老年性黄斑变性中，色觉和无色觉通路都会发生改变；中心性浆液性脉络膜病变最明显的变化是蓝光敏感视锥通路某处的敏感度丧失。有证据表明，蓝光敏感视锥细胞所服务的通路在解剖学和生理学上具有与其他受体类型所服务的通路不同的特性，并且它们似乎特别容易受到视网膜完整性干扰的影响。
