O'Ryan F S, Gallagher D M, LaBanc J P, Epker B N
Am J Orthod. 1982 Nov;82(5):403-10. doi: 10.1016/0002-9416(82)90189-0.
It is commonly assumed that nasorespiratory function can exert a dramatic effect upon the development of the dentofacial complex. Specifically, it has been stated that chronic nasal obstruction leads to mouth breathing, which causes altered tongue and mandibular positions. If this occurs during a period of active growth, the outcome is development of the "adenoid facies" (dentofacial morphology). Such patients characteristically manifest a vertically long lower third facial height, narrow alar bases, lip incompetence, a long and narrow maxillary arch, and a greater than normal mandibular plane angle. These dentofacial traits have repeatedly been attributed to restricted nasorespiratory function. It is generally believed that environmental factors can exert subtle or dramatic effects upon dentofacial morphology, depending upon their magnitude, duration, and time of occurrence. The purpose of this article is to present a critical review of the literature concerning the effect of one such environmental factor, nasal airway function, upon dentofacial morphogenesis. This review will critically examine the most frequently cited papers reporting a relationship between nasorespiratory function and dentofacial morphology. In summary, this critical review fails to support a consistent relationship between obstructed nasorespiratory function and the adenoid facies or long-face syndrome. Additional objective evaluations of this relation are encouraged.
人们普遍认为鼻呼吸功能会对牙颌面复合体的发育产生显著影响。具体而言，有人指出慢性鼻塞会导致口呼吸，进而引起舌和下颌位置的改变。如果这种情况发生在生长活跃期，结果就是“腺样体面容”（牙颌面形态）的形成。这类患者的典型表现为面下三分之一垂直高度变长、鼻翼基底狭窄、唇部闭合不全、上颌弓狭长以及下颌平面角大于正常。这些牙颌面特征一再被归因于鼻呼吸功能受限。一般认为，环境因素会根据其强度、持续时间和发生时间对牙颌面形态产生微妙或显著的影响。本文的目的是对有关此类环境因素之一，即鼻气道功能对牙颌面形态发生影响的文献进行批判性综述。本综述将严格审视最常被引用的报道鼻呼吸功能与牙颌面形态之间关系的论文。总之，这一批判性综述未能支持鼻呼吸功能受阻与腺样体面容或长脸综合征之间存在一致关系。鼓励对此关系进行更多客观评估。
