Catalona W J
Invest Urol. 1980 Mar;17(5):373-7.
Limited evidence suggests that prostatic cancer cells express antigens that are immunogenic in the host. Some of these tumor-associated antigens are fetal antigens and others may be oncogenic viral-induced tumor antigens. In addition, both benign and malignant prostatic epithelial cells produce an antigenically distinctive form of acid phosphatase, but it is unknown whether acid phosphatase can function as a target for cytotoxic mechanisms. There is ample evidence that host cell-mediated immunologic activity is depressed in many prostatic cancer patients. The mechanisms underlying these impairments are unclear, but a number of factors has been implicated including uncharacterized "serum blockers," alpha-2 globulins, and circulating antigen-antibody complexes. Endocrine manipulations can also alter host immune mechanisms. There is some evidence to suggest that host immune competence correlates inversely with tumor progression in patients who have relapsed after endocrine therapy. Immunotherapy for prostatic cancer has not been adequately studied. There have been a few inconclusive attempts at active immunotherapy using bacille Calmette Guérin and cryosurgery and virtually no attempts at passive immunotherapy. The future prospects for immunology as a useful tool in the management of prostatic cancer patients are discussed.
有限的证据表明，前列腺癌细胞表达在宿主体内具有免疫原性的抗原。其中一些肿瘤相关抗原是胎儿抗原，其他的可能是致癌病毒诱导的肿瘤抗原。此外，良性和恶性前列腺上皮细胞都会产生一种抗原性独特的酸性磷酸酶，但尚不清楚酸性磷酸酶是否能作为细胞毒性机制的靶点。有充分证据表明，许多前列腺癌患者的宿主细胞介导的免疫活性受到抑制。这些损伤的潜在机制尚不清楚，但已涉及多种因素，包括未明确的“血清阻断剂”、α-2球蛋白和循环抗原-抗体复合物。内分泌干预也会改变宿主免疫机制。有证据表明，在内分泌治疗后复发的患者中，宿主免疫能力与肿瘤进展呈负相关。前列腺癌的免疫治疗尚未得到充分研究。使用卡介苗和冷冻手术进行主动免疫治疗的尝试尚无定论，而被动免疫治疗几乎没有尝试。本文讨论了免疫学作为管理前列腺癌患者的有用工具的未来前景。
