自发性高血压大鼠中，性激素对乙醇脱氢酶及乙醇代谢的调节作用。慢性乙醇给药的影响。
Modulation of alcohol dehydrogenase and ethanol metabolism by sex hormones in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Effect of chronic ethanol administration.
作者信息
Rachamin G, MacDonald J A, Wahid S, Clapp J J, Khanna J M, Israel Y
出版信息
Biochem J. 1980 Feb 15;186(2):483-90. doi: 10.1042/bj1860483.
In young (4-week-old) male and female spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats, ethanol metabolic rate in vivo and hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activity in vitro are high and not different in the two sexes. In males, ethanol metabolic rate falls markedly between 4 and 10 weeks of age, which coincides with the time of development of sexual maturity in the rat. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity is also markedly diminished in the male SH rat and correlates well with the changes in ethanol metabolism. There is virtually no influence of age on ethanol metabolic rate and alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the female SH rat. Castration of male SH rats prevents the marked decrease in ethanol metabolic rate and alcohol dehydrogenase activity, whereas ovariectomy has no effect on these parameters in female SH rats. Chronic administration of testosterone to castrated male SH rats and to female SH rats decreases ethanol metabolic rate and alcohol dehydrogenase activity to values similar to those found in mature males. Chronic administration of oestradiol-17beta to male SH rats results in marked stimulation of ethanol metabolic rate and alcohol dehydrogenase activity to values similar to those found in female SH rats. Chronic administration of ethanol to male SH rats from 4 to 11 weeks of age prevents the marked age-dependent decreases in ethanol metabolic rate and alcohol dehydrogenase activity, but has virtually no effect in castrated rats. In the intoxicated chronically ethanol-fed male SH rats, serum testosterone concentrations are significantly depressed. In vitro, testosterone has no effect on hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activity of young male and female SH rats. In conclusion, in the male SH rat, ethanol metabolic rate appears to be limited by alcohol dehydrogenase activity and is modulated by testosterone. Testosterone has an inhibitory effect and oestradiol has a testosterone-dependent stimulatory effect on alcohol dehydrogenase activity and ethanol metabolic rate in these animals.
在年轻（4周龄）的雄性和雌性自发性高血压（SH）大鼠中，体内乙醇代谢率和体外肝脏乙醇脱氢酶活性较高，且两性之间无差异。在雄性大鼠中，乙醇代谢率在4至10周龄之间显著下降，这与大鼠性成熟的发育时间相吻合。雄性SH大鼠的乙醇脱氢酶活性也显著降低，且与乙醇代谢的变化密切相关。年龄对雌性SH大鼠的乙醇代谢率和乙醇脱氢酶活性几乎没有影响。对雄性SH大鼠进行去势可防止乙醇代谢率和乙醇脱氢酶活性的显著下降，而对雌性SH大鼠进行卵巢切除对这些参数没有影响。对去势的雄性SH大鼠和雌性SH大鼠长期给予睾酮会使乙醇代谢率和乙醇脱氢酶活性降低至与成熟雄性大鼠相似的值。对雄性SH大鼠长期给予17β-雌二醇会导致乙醇代谢率和乙醇脱氢酶活性显著升高至与雌性SH大鼠相似的值。从4至11周龄对雄性SH大鼠长期给予乙醇可防止乙醇代谢率和乙醇脱氢酶活性随年龄的显著下降，但对去势大鼠几乎没有影响。在长期喂食乙醇的中毒雄性SH大鼠中，血清睾酮浓度显著降低。在体外，睾酮对年轻雄性和雌性SH大鼠的肝脏乙醇脱氢酶活性没有影响。总之，在雄性SH大鼠中，乙醇代谢率似乎受乙醇脱氢酶活性的限制，并受睾酮调节。睾酮对这些动物的乙醇脱氢酶活性和乙醇代谢率具有抑制作用，而雌二醇具有依赖于睾酮的刺激作用。
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