Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Apr 4;16(7):1208. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16071208.
The current study aims to explore gender differences in the risk of cigarette smoking among African-American (AA) older adults who live in economically disadvantaged urban areas of southern Los Angeles. This cross-sectional study enrolled 576 older AA adults (age range between 65 and 96 years) who were residing in Service Planning Area 6 (SPA 6), one of the most economically challenged areas in southern Los Angeles. All participants had cardiometabolic disease (CMD). Data were collected using structured face-to-face interviews. Demographic factors (age and gender), socioeconomic status (educational attainment and financial difficulty), health (number of comorbid medical conditions and depressive symptoms), and health behaviors (current alcohol drinking and current smoking) were measured. Logistic regressions were used to analyze the data without and with interaction terms between gender and current drinking, depressive symptoms, and financial difficulty. AA men reported more smoking than AA women (25.3% versus 9.3%; < 0.05). Drinking showed a stronger association with smoking for AA men than AA women. Depressive symptoms, however, showed stronger effects on smoking for AA women than AA men. Gender did not interact with financial difficulty with regard to current smoking. As AA older men and women differ in psychological and behavioral determinants of cigarette smoking, gender-specific smoking cessation interventions for AA older adults who live in economically deprived urban areas may be more successful than interventions and programs that do not consider gender differences in determinants of smoking. Gender-tailored smoking cessation programs that address drinking for AA men and depression for AA women may help reduce the burden of smoking in AA older adults in economically disadvantaged urban areas. Given the non-random sampling, there is a need for replication of these findings in future studies.
本研究旨在探讨生活在洛杉矶南部经济贫困市区的非裔美国老年人（AA）中，吸烟风险的性别差异。这项横断面研究纳入了 576 名居住在 SPA6（洛杉矶南部最具挑战性地区之一）的年龄在 65 岁至 96 岁之间的 AA 老年成年人。所有参与者均患有心血管代谢疾病（CMD）。通过面对面访谈收集数据。评估的人口统计学因素（年龄和性别）、社会经济地位（教育程度和经济困难）、健康状况（合并疾病的数量和抑郁症状）和健康行为（当前饮酒和当前吸烟）。使用逻辑回归对数据进行分析，未包括性别与当前饮酒、抑郁症状和经济困难之间的交互项，也包括了这些交互项。AA 男性报告的吸烟率高于 AA 女性（25.3%对 9.3%；<0.05）。饮酒与 AA 男性的吸烟行为相关性强于 AA 女性。然而，抑郁症状对 AA 女性的吸烟行为影响强于 AA 男性。性别与经济困难在当前吸烟方面没有交互作用。由于 AA 老年男性和女性在吸烟的心理和行为决定因素方面存在差异，针对生活在经济贫困市区的 AA 老年成年人的性别特异性戒烟干预措施可能比不考虑吸烟决定因素中性别差异的干预措施和计划更成功。针对 AA 男性饮酒和 AA 女性抑郁问题的性别化戒烟计划可能有助于减少经济弱势市区 AA 老年成年人的吸烟负担。鉴于非随机抽样，需要在未来的研究中对这些发现进行复制。
