Miller M J
Drugs. 1980 Aug;20(2):122-30. doi: 10.2165/00003495-198020020-00005.
Levamisole is a drug of choice for treatment of ascariasis. With recommended dosages, it is virtually free of side effects. Single doses of 50 to 150mg will eliminate all parasites in 90 to 100% of ascariasis patients irrespective of worm burden. Activity against hookworms has been demonstrated for levamisole but the most effective treatment regimen has not been determined. Further drug trials are needed for better assessment of efficacy. Levamisole has little or no curative action on infections with whipworms and pinworms. It may have some activity against strongyloides but confirmatory studies are needed. It has been shown that levamisole has significant activity against microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. It is not, however, as effective as diethylcarbamazine ('Hetrazan'), and side reactions are greater. In tolerated doses, levamisole does not have significant action on adult forms or microfilariae of Onchoceea volvulus. The drug applied topically, however, may find a place in treatment of ocular onchocerciasis. Limited trials with levamisole for toxoplasmosis and chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis have given promising results, and further studies are indicated.
左旋咪唑是治疗蛔虫病的首选药物。按照推荐剂量使用，它几乎没有副作用。单剂量50至150毫克可使90%至100%的蛔虫病患者体内的所有寄生虫被清除，无论虫负荷量如何。左旋咪唑对钩虫有活性，但尚未确定最有效的治疗方案。需要进一步进行药物试验以更好地评估疗效。左旋咪唑对鞭虫和蛲虫感染几乎没有或没有治疗作用。它可能对粪类圆线虫有一定活性，但需要进行确证性研究。已表明左旋咪唑对班氏吴策线虫和马来布鲁线虫的微丝蚴有显著活性。然而，它不如乙胺嗪（“海群生”）有效，且副作用更大。在耐受剂量下，左旋咪唑对盘尾丝虫的成虫或微丝蚴没有显著作用。然而，局部应用该药物可能在治疗盘尾丝虫性眼病方面有一席之地。关于左旋咪唑治疗弓形虫病和慢性皮肤利什曼病的有限试验已取得了有希望的结果，因此需要进一步研究。
