Ogra P L, Fishaut M, Gallagher M R
Rev Infect Dis. 1980 May-Jun;2(3):352-69. doi: 10.1093/clinids/2.3.352.
Viral vaccines have been successfully administered by the mucosal route for two decades now. However, only in the last 10 years have the concepts involved in mucosal immunocompetence been well characterized. It is apparent that the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue, the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, and the immunocompetent cells present in ocular tissue, conjunctiva, nasopharynx, genital tract, and secretions of the mammary glands represent the components of the common mucosal immune system. The predominant immunologic activity in the external mucosal surfaces is associated with secretory IgA and T lymphocytes, with variable contributions from other immunoglobulins and macrophages. Evidence presented in this review suggests that immunization via the mucosal routes of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts is the most effective means of inducing effective immunity in the mucosal surfaces as well as in the systemic tissues. Available experience with mucosal immunization with poliovirus, rubella virus, measles virus, and adenovirus vaccines in humans and with other viral vaccines in animals is briefly reviewed.
二十年来，病毒疫苗已成功通过黏膜途径接种。然而，直到最近十年，黏膜免疫能力所涉及的概念才得到充分表征。显然，支气管相关淋巴组织、肠道相关淋巴组织以及眼组织、结膜、鼻咽、生殖道和乳腺分泌物中存在的免疫活性细胞代表了共同黏膜免疫系统的组成部分。外部黏膜表面的主要免疫活性与分泌型IgA和T淋巴细胞有关，其他免疫球蛋白和巨噬细胞也有不同程度的贡献。本综述提供的证据表明，通过呼吸道和胃肠道的黏膜途径进行免疫接种是在黏膜表面以及全身组织中诱导有效免疫的最有效手段。本文简要回顾了人类使用脊髓灰质炎病毒、风疹病毒、麻疹病毒和腺病毒疫苗以及动物使用其他病毒疫苗进行黏膜免疫的现有经验。
