Salmons S, Henriksson J
Muscle Nerve. 1981 Mar-Apr;4(2):94-105. doi: 10.1002/mus.880040204.
Skeletal muscle undergoes profound changes in morphological, physiological, and biochemical character when subjected to prolonged periods of increased use. Although increased use may be brought about in a variety of ways, the results show consistent features. In particular, endurance exercise and chronic stimulation differ only in degree: the properties which change in response to exercise are also those which change at an early stage of stimulation; the properties which are resistant to change under exercise conditions change only after prolonged stimulation. There is therefore a hierarchy of stability in the properties of skeletal muscle which is revealed in its response to changing functional demands. The adaptive potential of muscle provides a logical framework for understanding neural influences on the emergence of fiber types during muscle development. It is also relevant to the study of pathological conditions which may involve a sustained departure from normal postural and locomotor patterns of activity.
当骨骼肌长时间处于使用增加的状态时，其形态、生理和生化特性会发生深刻变化。尽管使用增加可能通过多种方式实现，但结果显示出一致的特征。特别是，耐力运动和慢性刺激仅在程度上有所不同：因运动而改变的特性也是在刺激早期就会改变的特性；在运动条件下抗变化的特性只有在长时间刺激后才会改变。因此，骨骼肌特性存在一种稳定性层次结构，这在其对不断变化的功能需求的反应中得以体现。肌肉的适应潜力为理解神经对肌肉发育过程中纤维类型出现的影响提供了一个逻辑框架。它也与可能涉及持续偏离正常姿势和运动活动模式的病理状况的研究相关。
