Berger H J, Matthay R A
Am J Cardiol. 1981 Apr;47(4):950-62. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(81)90198-3.
Noninvasive radiographic techniques have provided a means of studying the natural history and pathogenesis of cardiovascular performance in acute and chronic respiratory failure. Chest radiography, radionuclide angiocardiography and thallium-201 imaging, and M mode and cross-sectional echocardiography have been employed. Each of these techniques has specific uses, attributes and limitations. For example, measurement of descending pulmonary arterial diameters on the plain chest radiograph allows determination of the presence or absence of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Right and left ventricular performance can be evaluated at rest and during exercise using radionuclide angiocardiography. The biventricular response to exercise and to therapeutic interventions also can be assessed with this approach. Evaluation of the pulmonary valve echogram and echocardiographic right ventricular dimensions have been shown to reflect right ventricular hemodynamics and size. Each of these noninvasive techniques has been applied to the study of patients with respiratory failure and has provided important physiologic data.
非侵入性放射学技术为研究急性和慢性呼吸衰竭时心血管功能的自然史和发病机制提供了一种手段。已采用胸部X线摄影、放射性核素心血管造影和铊-201成像，以及M型和横截面超声心动图。这些技术中的每一种都有特定的用途、特性和局限性。例如，通过普通胸部X线片测量降肺动脉直径可以确定是否存在肺动脉高压。使用放射性核素心血管造影可以在静息和运动时评估右心室和左心室功能。这种方法还可以评估双心室对运动和治疗干预的反应。肺动脉瓣超声心动图和超声心动图测量的右心室尺寸已被证明可反映右心室血流动力学和大小。这些非侵入性技术中的每一种都已应用于呼吸衰竭患者的研究，并提供了重要的生理数据。
