Oliverio A, Castellano C
Curr Dev Psychopharmacol. 1981;6:45-64. doi: 10.1007/978-94-011-8123-5_2.
A number of studies are reviewed in relation to a pharmacogenetic approach to the effect of opiates. The behavioral effects of morphine and heroin in different species or strains of animals are considered. In particular, a number of behavioral, neurophysiological, and biochemical correlates of the opiates in different inbred strains of mice are cited. Recent studies concerning the effects of opiates on behavior have utilized the C57BL/6J and the DBA/2J strains, which are characterized by different brain levels and turnover of cholinergic and adrenergic mediators. It has been shown that the effects of opiates on running activity and on analgesia are strain-dependent, and a negative correlation is evident between the two measures in the strains considered. Experiments carried out on mice with septal lesions and on normal mice have confirmed that the motor and analgesic effects of morphine in the mouse are two distinct phenomena, which may be explained through different neurophysiological and biochemical models. Differences between the strains considered have also been observed when the ECoG response to morphine administration has been investigated. The results of these experiments have suggested: 1. The existence of a correlation between behavioral activation and sleep-like ECoG patterns. 2. The existence of a similarity between the effects of the anticholinergic drugs and those of morphine, since a dissociation between ECoG and behavior became evident following morphine administration. Some studies have also suggested that the environmental factors play an important role in determining the stimulating effects of morphine. This effect was absent in "experience" mice (i.e., in subjects already tested in the apparatus), as compared with naive "inexperienced" animals.
本文综述了一些与阿片类药物作用的药物遗传学方法相关的研究。文中考虑了吗啡和海洛因在不同物种或动物品系中的行为效应。特别地，引用了不同近交系小鼠中阿片类药物的一些行为、神经生理和生化相关性。近期关于阿片类药物对行为影响的研究使用了C57BL/6J和DBA/2J品系，这两个品系的特征在于胆碱能和肾上腺素能介质的脑水平和周转率不同。研究表明，阿片类药物对跑步活动和镇痛的影响具有品系依赖性，在所考虑的品系中，这两种测量之间存在明显的负相关。对有隔区损伤的小鼠和正常小鼠进行的实验证实，吗啡在小鼠中的运动和镇痛作用是两种不同的现象，这可以通过不同的神经生理和生化模型来解释。在研究对吗啡给药的脑电图（ECoG）反应时，也观察到了所考虑品系之间的差异。这些实验结果表明：1. 行为激活与睡眠样ECoG模式之间存在相关性。2. 抗胆碱能药物与吗啡的作用之间存在相似性，因为在给予吗啡后，ECoG与行为之间出现了解离。一些研究还表明，环境因素在决定吗啡的刺激作用方面起着重要作用。与未经处理的“无经验”动物相比，“有经验”的小鼠（即在该装置中已经测试过的动物）中不存在这种效应。
