Lectins as probes of the spermatozoon surface.

Studies involving the use of lectins to probe the spermatozoon surface are reviewed, with particular emphasis on mammalian spermatozoa and their various transformations during maturation, capacitation, and the acrosome reaction. Although the numbers of lectin bindings sites on spermatozoa are generally comparable to those of many somatic cells, the distribution of most lectins thus far studied is highly restricted to certain domains of the cell surface. These domains are often related to specific underlying morphological entities such as the acrosome, postacrosomal region, mitochondria associated with the middle piece, and so on. Changes in the patterns of lectin binding have been noted during sperm maturation in the epididymis, during capacitation, and after the acrosome reaction, and, in some instances, these studies contribute to the understanding of mechanism that may mediate these transformations. This is particularly true of situations where lectin labeling or binding studies have been used in conjunction with biochemical or other correlative methods to synthesize a more detailed picture of the sperm surface.