Basmajian J V
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1981 Oct;62(10):469-75.
Modern biofeedback is the technique of using electronic equipment to reveal instantaneously to patients and therapists certain physiologic events and to teach the patients to control these otherwise involuntary events by manipulating the displayed signals (usually visual and/or acoustic). Diagnostic EMG and research on the fine control of motor units led to clinical EMG biofeedback. In rehabilitation it has gained a firm place in the treatment of upper motor neuron lesions, particularly in retraining muscles and inducing relaxation of spastic muscles of stroke patients. In cerebral palsy and musculoskeletal disturbances, additional feedback transducers (electrogoniometers, pressure-sensitive and position-sensing devices) are gaining wider use. Spasmodic torticollis has proved to be particularly suitable for behavioral methods of treatment including EMG feedback.
现代生物反馈是一种利用电子设备向患者和治疗师即时显示某些生理事件，并通过操纵所显示的信号（通常是视觉和/或听觉信号）来教导患者控制这些原本不由自主的事件的技术。诊断性肌电图以及对运动单位精细控制的研究促成了临床肌电图生物反馈技术的产生。在康复治疗中，它在上运动神经元损伤的治疗中占据了稳固的地位，尤其是在中风患者的肌肉再训练和痉挛肌肉放松诱导方面。在脑瘫和肌肉骨骼功能障碍的治疗中，额外的反馈传感器（电子测角仪、压敏和位置感应设备）正得到更广泛的应用。事实证明，痉挛性斜颈特别适合包括肌电图反馈在内的行为治疗方法。
