Tolnay S E
Demography. 1981 Nov;18(4):443-63.
Total fertility rates and age-specific marital fertility rates are estimated for the urban and rural black populations during the last fourteen years of the nineteenth century. The data source is a 1-in-750 sample of households from the 1900 census manuscripts. The results show sharp differences in the levels of urban and rural reproduction, as well as differences in the timing of the well-known black fertility transition. Calculation of Coale-Trussell m-values suggests that, up to 1899, rural blacks were essentially a "natural fertility" population while urban residents apparently had a history of family limitation. These findings support the inference that at least some segments of the black population were practicing birth control before the turn of the twentieth century.
对19世纪最后14年城市和农村黑人人口的总生育率和特定年龄婚姻生育率进行了估算。数据来源是1900年人口普查手稿中1/750的家庭样本。结果显示，城市和农村的生育水平存在显著差异，以及著名的黑人生育率转变的时间差异。对科尔-特鲁塞尔m值的计算表明，直到1899年，农村黑人基本上是一个“自然生育”群体，而城市居民显然有节制生育的历史。这些发现支持了这样一种推断，即至少部分黑人人口在20世纪之交之前就实行了节育。
